和田皮墨垦区杨树十斑吉丁虫的生物学初报

杨十斑吉丁虫Melanophila picta Pallas是西北地区杨树的一种毁灭性蛀干害虫,近年杨十斑吉丁虫对和田皮墨垦区的杨树危害日益严重。对杨树十斑吉丁虫进行初步生物学研究表明,在和田皮墨垦区该虫1年发生1代,幼虫在树皮与木质间为害,造成杨树死亡。查清了该类害虫的为害时期及为害程度,其幼虫期人工刮皮消灭幼虫,成虫期树干涂沫2.5%高渗高效氯氰菊酯效果好。     

Circulating muscle-specific microRNA, miR-206, as a potential diagnostic marker for rhabdomyosarcoma

Presently there is no serum biomarker of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Several studies have shown that profiles of microRNA (miRNA) expression differ among tumor types. Here we evaluated the feasibility of using muscle-specific miRNAs (miR-1, -133a, -133b and -206) as biomarkers of RMS. Expression of muscle-specific miRNAs, especially miR-206, was significantly higher in RMS cell lines than in other tumor cell lines, as well as in RMS tumor specimens. Further, serum levels of muscle-specific miRNAs were significantly higher in patients with RMS tumors than in patients with non-RMS tumors. Normalized serum miR-206 expression level could be used to differentiate between RMS and non-RMS tumors, with sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.913. These results raise the possibility of using circulating muscle-specific miRNAs, especially miR-206, as landmark biomarkers for RMS.     

冬瓜蛋白酶的分离纯化及其部分性质研究(英文)

冬瓜的果肉中发现了丰富的蛋白水解酶.用硫酸铵将冬瓜果肉汁分级盐析,得到粗酶液.再经DEAE-Sepharose FF离子交换层析和Superdex-75柱层析等步骤得到一种电泳纯的冬瓜蛋白酶.SDS-PAGE测得其分子量为64 kDa.以酪蛋白做底物时,该酶的最适反应温度为70℃,最适作用pH为6.5,在pH 4.5～10.5,40～70℃范围内较稳定.PMSF强烈抑制该蛋白酶的活性.另外,Hg~(2+)对该酶有强烈的抑制作用,Mn~(2+)离子对其有保护作用,Zn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和Cu~(2+)等离子对其活性没有影响.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白抗原位点分子特征分析

为了进一步研究猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S蛋白抗原位点的分子特征,选取GenBank中22株TGEV分离株,采用生物信息学方法对抗原位点氨基酸序列进行同源性比对分析。结果表明,不同分离株的A和C位点高度保守,B和D位点则有一些变化。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒地方株LJB/03分离及培养特性

从黑龙江省某猪场疑为病毒性腹泻的发病猪采集腹泻粪便样品,以RT-PCR法扩增出猪流行性腹泻病毒M基因后,采用细胞培养法进行病毒分离。对细胞培养分离物进行间接免疫荧光、免疫电镜观察、RT-PCR及ELISA法检验,其中间接免疫荧光试验可见培养细胞中存在明显的特异性绿色荧光;免疫电镜下可见大小符合预期、有囊膜、花瓣状的典型冠状病毒结构特征;RT-PCR检测证实存在PEDVM基因;间接ELISA检测中平均P/N比值为7.6;从而确认为分离到一株猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV),命名为PEDVLJB/03株。随后,对该分离毒株的培养特性及如何提高病毒滴度进行探索。通过摸索该分离毒株的蚀斑形成条件,建立了PEDV蚀斑形成方法,并采用该方法进行病毒的蚀斑纯化,纯化得到PEDV大蚀斑克隆株和小蚀斑克隆株。对大、小两种蚀斑克隆株的病毒滴度测定结果表明,大小蚀斑克隆株细胞感染滴度相差明显。     

东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离培养及生物学特性

目的对影响东方田鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（MfEF）分离和培养的因素进行探索,并观察其生物学特性。方法取室内繁殖饲养不同胎龄的东方田鼠胚胎分离成纤维细胞,通过原代和继代培养,分析比较不同胎龄、不同血清浓度、不同胰蛋白酶浓度等因素对MfEF分离及培养的影响,观察MfEF的生长形态及其生物学特性。结果 MfEF为贴壁型生长,细胞形态多样,呈梭形、不规则多边形;采用0.125%的胰蛋白酶室温消化12～13 d胚胎组织5 min,以DMEM培养基添加15%小牛血清分离培养MfEF的效果最佳;MfEF2～7代增殖最旺盛。结论获得了实验室分离、培养MfEF的有效方法 ,为进一步深入研究东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫机制以及开展不同动物成纤维细胞间比较研究奠定了基础。     

草海国家级自然保护区水生植物群落的数量分类与排序分析

在群落样方调查的基础之上,采用双向指示种分析法（TW INSPAN）和除趋势对应分析（DCA）对草海国家级自然保护区水生植物群落进行分类和排序。TW INSPAN将50个样方分为17组,根据植被分类的原则划分为17个群丛,论述了各个群丛的群落学特征。50个样方的DCA排序结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系,表明影响群落分布格局的主导生态因子为水分条件,第一轴反映了各个群落类型所在的水分条件梯度。排序结果与分类结果较吻合,反映出植物群落类型和物种分布随环境因子梯度变化的趋势。     

鮸鱼精子的生理特性及超低温冻存

通过测定精子的激活率、运动时间及寿命,研究了鮸鱼精子的生理特性,以0.5mL麦细管为冻存管、两步降温法超低温冻存鮸鱼精子。结果表明,鮸鱼精子激活与运动的适宜盐度为20~30、适宜pH值为5.5~9.0,适宜的KCl、NaCl、CaCl2溶液浓度分别为（500~600）mmol/L、（400~500）mmol/L、（300~400）mmol/L,适宜的葡萄糖溶液浓度为（800~900）mmol/L。无Ca2＋、Mg2＋及HCO3-的人工海水均能使鮸鱼精子激活,但运动时间及寿命有所下降。以Cortland溶液为稀释液,10%Gly、15%Gly、5%DMSO、10%DMSO、15%DMSO、10%EG、10%PG、15%PG及20%PG为抗冻剂,超低温冻存鮸鱼精子15d后,冻精的活力与鲜精相比无显著差异,其中,以10%Gly为抗冻剂冻存精子的效果最好,冻精的激活率、运动时间及寿命分别达（86.38±1.63）%、（8.24±1.37）min及（10.21±0.42）min。     

Endospore formation in Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii: a key characteristics of the species

In the course of a study on yeast diversity in Japan and Thailand, we isolated two yeast strains with bipolar budding patterns. Physiological and phylogenetic analysis suggested that these two strains were identical to Hanseniaspora pseudoguilliermondii. However, these strains produced hat-shaped ascospores and endospores, the latter of which was an unknown characteristic of the species. Endospores were produced on yeast extract–malt extract (YM) plates, though ascospores were produced on cornmeal agar of H. pseudoguilliermondii cultures. Endospores were formed in a twin-cell structure composed of a mother cell and a daughter cell, which did not separate after budding. Unlike the cell wall of the endospores, that of ascospore was stained with a chitin-specific stain. This was a feature distinguishing endospores and ascospores. Cell morphology of H. pseudoguilliermondii was compared with other species of the genus by observing their type strains. Other Hanseniaspora species did not show endospore formation under the same condition in which H. pseudoguilliermondii did. Therefore, the formation of endospores was considered to be a species-delimiting character of H. pseudoguilliermondii.     

不同株型芝麻种质湿害后产量性状研究及耐湿性评价

于盛花期对66份种质进行湿害处理,结果表明:湿害对单秆型和分枝型种质的产量性状影响差异明显,对单秆型芝麻产量性状的影响(湿害指数值)大小依次为单株种子干重(69.18%)蒴果数(67.48%)有效果节数(49.10%)有效果轴长度(45.69%)株高(16.40%),对分枝性芝麻的影响依次为分枝有效果节数(65.96%)分枝蒴果数(64.73%)总蒴果数(52.01%)单株种子干重(49.92%)主茎蒴果数(41.66%)主茎有效果轴长度(37.57%)有效分枝数(34.21%)主茎有效果节数(20.12%)株高(15.43%);湿害对三蒴型芝麻的侧位蒴果影响较大,对单秆三蒴型芝麻的影响为侧位蒴果数(92.25%)中位蒴果数(50.25%),对分枝三蒴型芝麻的影响为分枝侧位蒴果数(92.86%)主茎侧位蒴果数(69.14%)分枝中位蒴果数(44.17%)主茎中位蒴果数(32.97%)。根据相对湿害产量可以将供试种质聚为耐湿与不耐湿二大类,不耐湿类型种质61份,占92.42%;耐湿类型种质5份,占7.58%,为竹山白芝麻、西平二郎花、阜南芝麻、嘉兴紧口黑和麻城黑芝麻,可作为耐湿种质加以利用。